Sibylline Special Report – Iran

On 28 December 2025, merchants in the capital Tehran began strike action over deteriorating economic conditions and rapid currency devaluation. Further protests emerged in marketplaces and major cities
nationwide, with thousands of university students and anti-government activists joining demonstrations.

Protests rapidly spread across cities and towns throughout Iran (see Middle East Crisis Update – 7 January 2026). Subsequently, the Iranian authorities initiated an extremely violent crackdown and instituted an
internet blackout on 8 January.

Although the blackout has significantly restricted international observers’ ability to estimate the scale of protests and associated casualties, the US-based NGO Human Rights Activists
News Agency (HRANA) has verified over 3,500 protest-related deaths at the time of writing.

Global media reports indicate that the security forces have possibly killed up to 12,000 protesters and estimate that the
authorities have arrested at least 18,000 individuals.

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